Dual-use
The same type of knowledge, item, or software can be used for legitimate purposes or potentially for harm.
Definition
Biological research and dual-use item procurement are the most typical examples: the topic itself cannot determine right or wrong.
Governance requires access control, end-use verification, and stage division, not simply banning the entire field.
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- Not 'all of it is weapons'.
- Not 'having a civilian cover story means it's definitely safe'.
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Biological cases discuss intent identification; the dual-use procurement case records civilian cover stories.